Showing posts with label Melbourne. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Melbourne. Show all posts

Friday, November 1, 2013

Humanity's Apathy, Complacency and Insatiable Greed Has Broken the Ocean.


File:Image-Pacific-Ocean -4.jpg
Image Source  :  Wikimedia Commons

Pacific-Ocean

Attribution: Brocken Inaglory  CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license.
 .....

The ocean is broken

IT was the silence that made this voyage different from all of those before it.
Not the absence of sound, exactly.
The wind still whipped the sails and whistled in the rigging. The waves still sloshed against the fibreglass hull.
And there were plenty of other noises: muffled thuds and bumps and scrapes as the boat knocked against pieces of debris.
What was missing was the cries of the seabirds which, on all previous similar voyages, had surrounded the boat.
The birds were missing because the fish were missing.
Exactly 10 years before, when Newcastle yachtsman Ivan Macfadyen had sailed exactly the same course from Melbourne to Osaka, all he'd had to do to catch a fish from the ocean between Brisbane and Japan was throw out a baited line.
"There was not one of the 28 days on that portion of the trip when we didn't catch a good-sized fish to cook up and eat with some rice," Macfadyen recalled.
But this time, on that whole long leg of sea journey, the total catch was two.
No fish. No birds. Hardly a sign of life at all.
"In years gone by I'd gotten used to all the birds and their noises," he said.
"They'd be following the boat, sometimes resting on the mast before taking off again. You'd see flocks of them wheeling over the surface of the sea in the distance, feeding on pilchards."
But in March and April this year, only silence and desolation surrounded his boat, Funnel Web, as it sped across the surface of a haunted ocean.
North of the equator, up above New Guinea, the ocean-racers saw a big fishing boat working a reef in the distance.
"All day it was there, trawling back and forth. It was a big ship, like a mother-ship," he said.
And all night it worked too, under bright floodlights. And in the morning Macfadyen was awoken by his crewman calling out, urgently, that the ship had launched a speedboat.
"Obviously I was worried. We were unarmed and pirates are a real worry in those waters. I thought, if these guys had weapons then we were in deep trouble."
But they weren't pirates, not in the conventional sense, at least. The speedboat came alongside and the Melanesian men aboard offered gifts of fruit and jars of jam and preserves.
"And they gave us five big sugar-bags full of fish," he said.
"They were good, big fish, of all kinds. Some were fresh, but others had obviously been in the sun for a while.
"We told them there was no way we could possibly use all those fish. There were just two of us, with no real place to store or keep them. They just shrugged and told us to tip them overboard. That's what they would have done with them anyway, they said.
"They told us that his was just a small fraction of one day's by-catch. That they were only interested in tuna and to them, everything else was rubbish. It was all killed, all dumped. They just trawled that reef day and night and stripped it of every living thing."
Macfadyen felt sick to his heart. That was one fishing boat among countless more working unseen beyond the horizon, many of them doing exactly the same thing.
No wonder the sea was dead. No wonder his baited lines caught nothing. There was nothing to catch.


Read More Here
Enhanced by Zemanta

Friday, July 19, 2013

Joining the three known domains of life: Bacteria; Archaea, another type of single-celled organism; and Eukaryotes will be a fourth dubbed "Pandoraviruses" : Published in Journal Science this week

Have Scientists Discovered a 4th Domain? A Previously Unknown Branch of Life


             3113881-an-image-of-some-cells-with-an-infected-cell-amongst-them-it-would-make-a-interesting-medical-or-bac-650x487

"Huge discoveries remain to be made at the most fundamental level that may change our present conception about the origin of life and its evolution," says virologist Jean-Michel Claverie, a coauthor of a seminal study, which has been published in this week’s issue of the journal Science.
There are three known domains of life: Bacteria; Archaea, another type of single-celled organism; and Eukaryotes. Scientists believe they may have discovered a fourth domain, a distinct, previously unknown branch of life. A study by the French National Research Agency at Aix-Marseille University that has uncovered two gigantic viruses dubbed "Pandoraviruses" because of the surprises they may hold for biologists -a reference to Pandora, the mythical Greek figure who opened a box and released evil into the world.
Our knowledge of Earth’s microbial biodiversity is still incomplete, says Claverie, who theorizes that the ancient ancestors of Pandoraviruses were once free-living cells that gradually lost most of their genes as they became parasitic. Pandoraviruses may expand our knowledge of life on Earth because they represent a fourth domain of microbial organisms.
One of the viruses, Pandoravirus salinus, was unearthed from sediments collected off the coast of Chile. The other, Pandoravirus dulcis, was discovered in a freshwater pond near Melbourne, Australia. "The fact that two of them were found almost simultaneously from very distant locations either indicate that we were incredibly lucky," Claverie said, "or that they are not rare."
In the beginning of their study, the French scientists thought both viruses were the same until they compared the two genome sequences and their encoded proteins, when they realized that the pair represented a new virus family, said Claverie.
To confirm that Pandoraviruses were indeed viruses, the researchers used light and electron microscopes, following their newfound entities through a complete replication cycle. The strange entities met all three key criteria to be labeled viruses.



Read More  Here


Enhanced by Zemanta